An Adaptive Ecosystem Approach to Monitoring

A thesis in Environment and Resource Studies

by

Michelle Boyle, 1998

Abstract

Conventional ecosystem management approaches and tools are not adequate for dealing with the complexity and uncertainty associated with environmental issues. An alternative approach (derived from complex systems thinking and a post-normal perspective) is proposed to manage, monitor and govern ecosystems where the ultimate goal is the sustainable co-evolution of ecological and societal systems.

The monitoring component of this "adaptive ecosystem approach" is then translated into a practical and comprehensive methodology for developing monitoring programs and indicators. The thoery includes: the attributes and elements of a monitoring program, the process of monitoring, and considerations for developing appropriate indicators (guiding questions, selection criteria and decision making).

The methodology is assessed by applying it to a project developing policy performance indicators for land use planning in Ontario. An important conclusion is that indicators must be embedded in a monitoring program. In turn, monitoring can only be done in the context of a management plan and adequate governance arrangements for implementation. The three are inseparable. Thus, monitoring becomes a tool for learning about the system, gauging the effectiveness of management activities, and measuring progress toward articulated goals.

A synopsis of the thesis